How To do trading in Stock Market In India.
Prabhakar kumar | 03, Dec. 2024
Here I am going to explain about whole trading nature of Indian Stock market . It will be my efforts to discuss everything from a to z of share trading . Following is the table of contents -
[1] Nature of Stock market .
[2] Types of Stock exchange in India
[3] Terms used in Stock market
. {4] Types of trading .
[5] Conclusion.
Share market or stock market is assumed to be same as goods market in normal term but it is not same in technical term . In normal market we sell and purchase goods at a same place at same time . Same way stock market is a platform where we use to purchase or sell stocks or share of companies at a same time and same platform. It provides a market place for investors to trade finacial instruments like stocks , bonds and derivatives. The stock market plays a crucial role in the global economy , allowing companies to raise capital by issuing stocks and giving investors the opportunity to buy and sell these securities .
Stock prices are influenced by various factors , including company performance , economic conditions , and investor sentiment.
In India , there are two types of stock markets . These are - [1] Bombay Stock Exchange [BSE ] : BSE is one of the oldest stock exchanges in Asia , located in Mumbai .
[2] National stock Exchange [ NSE] :- NSE is established in 1992 at New Delhi . and it is the largest stock exchange in India in terms of trading volume .
These exchanges facilitate the trading of various financial instruments , including equities , derivatives , debt instruments , and other financial products . The Indian stock market plays a crucial role in the country's economy by providing companies with a platform to raise capital and investors with opportunities for wealth creation. Additionally , regulatory bodies like the securities and Exchange Board of India [SEBI] oversee and regulate the functioning of the stock market to ensure fair and transparent trading practices .
In the stock markets , there are several terms which is commonly and regularly used by investors and share traders . To understand share market more clearly and transparently , we should understand these termology . These are some common terms which are commonly used in stock market -
[1] Stocks . [2] Bull Market .
[3] Bear Market . [4] Index .
[5] Dividend . [6] Volume .
[7] Volatility . [8] Liquidity .
[9] Market Capitalization . [10] Blue Chip Stocks .
[11] P/E Ratio [ Price to Earnings Ratio ] .
[12] EPS [ Earnings Per Share ] .[13] Short Selling .
[14] Margin Trading . [15] Market order .
[16] Limit order . [17] Day trading .
[18] Blue Sky Laws .
[1] Stocks :- Stocks are the units of ownership in a company .It is also known as shares or equities , represent ownership in a company . When you buy stocks , you are essentially buying a small piece of ownership in that company . Share or stock holders typically have voting rights in company decisions and may receive dividends if the company distributes profits. The value of stocks can fluctuate based on various factors such as company performance , market conditions and investor sentiment . Investing in stocks can provide potential for capital appreciation over time , but it also carries risks , including the possibility of losing money if the stock's value declines .
[2] Bull Market :- A bull market is a situation of financial market condtion where prices are rising or expected to rise . The term is usually used to describe the stock market , but can also apply to other traded assets , such as bonds , real estate , currencies , and commodities .
Bull market typically last for months or even years, and are characterised by a large postion of security prices rising . In other words , bull market is a period when stock prices are rising and market sentiment is optimistic. Normally , bull market is confirmed , when major index , like the S&P 500 , climbs 20% above its most recent low .
During bull market period , investors are generally enthuastic about a strong economy and solid job growth . The opposite of a bull market is a bear market , which occurs when securities fall for a sustained period of time .
[3] Bear Market :- This is market situation in which stock prices start falling or come down and where securities or stocks experience prolonged price declines . The term bear market is often associated with negative economic sentiments , such as a decline in business profits , more unemployment and down consumer confidence .
Bear market usually occurs when the overall market sentiment is pessimistic and there is a continuous decline in asset prices , typically by 20% or more from recent high . Here is some conditions or nature of bear market :-
- Declining Prices :- Prices of shares , bonds , or other assets consistently trend downwards over an extended period , often several months or even years.
- Investor Sentiment :- Negative sentiment prevail among investors , who become cautious or fearful about the future prospects of the market or specific sectors .
Economic Factors :- Bear market often coincide with economic downturns , such as recessions or periods of slowing economic growth. Weak economic indicators , such as high unemployment , declining consumer spending or shrinking corporate profits , can contribute to the bearish sentiment . - Volatility :- Volalility increases in the market is the primery sign of bear market , because investors become panic due to news and uncertainties . Sharp price swings and increased trading activity are common features
- Increased selling Pressure :- Investors may rush to sell their holdings or shares to reduce losses or protect their capital , leading to further download pressure on prices .
- Flight to Safety :- During bear market situation , investors may seek refuge in safe haven assets such as govt. bonds , gold or cash leading to increased demand for these assets .
- Longer Duration :- Bear markets last more than the bull market i.e. the effect of bear market is more intense and widespread than the bull market. And recoveries from bear markets can also be slow and gradual .
Understanding the nature of a bear market is crucial for investors to navgate through challenging times and make informed decisions about their portfolios .
[4] Index :- A standard base or benchmark that measures or assess the performance of a group of stocks .An index is a statistical measure of changes in a representative group of individual data points . In the context of the stock market , an index represents a portfolio of securities or stocks , that are used as a benchmark to track the performance of a specific market or sector.
The base of selection of a index depends on its purpose and methodology . In India , the term " index " refers to stock market indices like the BSE Sensex or NSE Nifty. These indices track the performance of a specific group of stocks to represent the overall market . The stocks included and their weights are determined by the index provider based on factors like market capitalization , liquidity and sector representaion .As for example , the Sensex comprises 30 large , well established and large cap companies from index various sectors listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange [ BSE] . Similarly , the Nifty 50 represents 50 of the largest and most liquid Indian stocks listed on the NSE.
[5] Divided :- Divided in the context of Indian stock market refers to the portion of a company's profits distributed to its shareholders . It is usually paid out periodically , often quarterly or annually , as reward for holding the company's stock . The amount each stock holder receives is typically proportional to the number of shares they own . Dividends are one of the ways investors can earn returns from their investments in stocks .
[6] Volume :- It refers in stock market to the number of shares of a particular stock that are traded during a given period of time , usually within a day . It is important indicator of market activity and liquidity . High volume usually indicates strong interest in a stock , while low volume can suggest limited interest or a lack of liquidity .
[7] Volatility :- Volatility in the stock market refers to the degree of variation in the price of a financial instrument over time . It is often measured by standard deviation or varience of returns . High volatility means prices can change rapidly and it is unpredictably , while low volatility indicates more stable prices . Various factors like economic data , geopolitical events , and investor sentiment influence volatility .
[8] Liquidity :- The liquidity in share market refers to the ease with which shares can be bought or sold without causing significant changes in their price . High liquidity means there are many buyers and sellers actively trading the stock , making transaction quicker and smoother . Low liquidity , on the other hand , indicates fewer participants , which can result in difficulty executing trades and greater price volatility .
[9] Market capitalization :- Market capitalization is the total value of a company's outstanding shares . It is also referred as 'market cap' and it is a measure of a company's total value in the stock market . It is calculated by multiplying the current stock price by the total number of outstanding shares of a company . In other way , it represents the total market value of a company's outstanding shares of stock.
[10] Blue Chip Stocks :- These stocks are shares of well established companies with a history of stable earnings , strong financials , and a solid reputation . These companies typically have a track record of consistently paying dividends are considered to be relatively low - risk investments compared to other types of stocks . These stocks are like Coca - Cola , Microsoft and Johnson & Johnson .
[11] P/E ratio [ Price to Earning Ratio ] :- The P/E ratio is a financial metric used to evaluate a company's current stock price relative to its earnings per share {EPS} . It is calculated by dividing the market price per share by the earnings per share .
In brief , the P/E ratio indicates how much investors are willing to pay for each dollar of a company's earnings . A high P/E ratio suggests that investors are expecting higher earnings growth in the future , while a low ratio may indicate either undervaluation or slow growth expectations . It is essential to consider other factors along with the P/E ratio when evaluating a stock for investment .
[12] EPS [ Earning Per Share ]:- EPS is a financial metric that measures a company's profitability on a per - share basis . It is calculated by dividing the company 's net income [ profits ] by the total number of outstanding shares of its common stock.
EPS indicates how much profit a company creates for each outstanding share of its stock . It is a key indicator used by investors to assess a company's financial performance and profitability over time . A higher EPS commonly reflects better profitability , while lower its value may indicate lower profitability . EPS can vary from company to company and can be influenced by factors such as revenue growth , expenses and outstanding shares .
[13] Short Selling :- It is a selling of a stock borrowed from a broker , with the intension of buying it back at a lower price to make a profit .
[14] Margin Trading :- When we buy stocks with borrowed funds , using own stocks themselves as collateral.
[15] Market Order :- An order to buy or sell a stock at the current market price .
[16] Limit Order :-An order to buy or sell a stock at a specified price or better .
[17] Intraday Trading :- It is buying and selling of stocks within the same day to capitalize on short term price movements .
[18] Blue Sky Laws :- It is a state regulations designed to protect investors from securities fraud .
Types Of Trading :-
Stock trading in India can be categorized based on the method , time frame , and financial instruments used . Below are the main types of trading practiced in India .
Intraday Trading :-
It is buying and selling of stocks within the same trading day . Positions are closed before the market closes . But it is suitable for experienced traders who can monitor markets activity .
Delivery Trading :-
Under this trading system , we buy stocks and hold them in a Demat account for a longer period like days , weeks , months or years . The motive behind it is to long term wealth creation through capital appreciation and dividends . It is suitable for those investors who have long term perspective .
Swing Trading :-
Swing trading is also one of the way of share trading in which we hold stocks for a few days to weeks to capitalize on short to medium term price movements. The moto of swing trading is to make benefits from market trends and patterns .
This mode of trading is suitable for those traders who are capable or can analyze market trends but not interested in intraday trading .
Positional Trading :-
Positional trading is a long term investment strategy where traders hold positions in financial assets [ e.g. stocks, commodities or currencies ] for an extended period , typically weeks to months or even years. The primary goal is to capture significant price movements or trends by targetting on the overall market direction rather than short term fluctuations .
A positional trader might buy shares of a company after identifying a bullish trend in the stock and hold it for months based on expectations of favorable quarterly earnings or positive industry developments .
This trading mode is ideal for those traders who prefer a less hectic trading style and have a long term outlook . It suits investors who can patiently wait for their positions to play out while managing risks effectively .
Futures and Options Trading :-
Futures and options are types of derivative trading instruments that allow investors to speculate on the price movements of underlying assets such as stocks , commodities , indices or currencies .
In Future trading , both the buyer and seller are obligated to fulfill the contract at expiry , regardless of the current market price . In future trading , traders need only a fraction of the total contract value as a margin to trade , amplifying both gains and losses . Here settlement can be done by physical delivery of the asset or cash settlement . For example , if you buy a stock futures contract for Rs. 1000 , and at the contract's expiry the stock is trading at Rs. 1100 , you make a profit of Rs.100 per share .
In option trading , an options contract gives the buyer the right , but not the obligation , to buy or sell an underlying asset at a predetermined price [ strike price ] before or on a specified date . There are two types of option trading - one is call option and other is put option . The call option gives the right to buy the underlying asset. Here buyers pay a premium for the right , while sellers [ writers] receive the premium but take on potential obligations . The maximum loss for buyers is the premium paid , while potential profit is unlimited [ call] or significant [put]. Here sellers face potentially unlimited losses [ call] or significant losses [put] . We can take example as - let , you purchase a call option for Rs.50 with strike price of Rs. 1000. If the stock price rises to Rs.1100, you can exercise your right to buy at Rs.1000, making a progit of Rs. 50 after accounting for the premium .
F&O trading is more complex and risky , so it is safe to have a clear strategy and risk management plan . Without long experience and experties in this field , we should not take trade in F&O.
Scalping trading :-
It is a short-term trading strategy where traders aim to profit from small price movements within a stock , currency , or other asset . The objective is to make quick trades , often holding positions for just seconds or minutes , to capture small price differences multiple times during a trading session .
Under scalping trading ,traders make numerous trades in a single day , sometimes hundreds . Each trade typically targets small profits , often a few cents or percentage points . Here positions are held for a very short time , reducing exposure to market risks . Scalpers rely heavily on charts , technical indicators , and price action to identify opportunities .
Scalping works best in markets with high liquidity and low transaction costs .
Scalping traders commonly use technical indicators such as moving averages , Bollinger Bands , RSI and MACD with minute to minute candlestick patterns for precise entry and exit points . Scalpers also focus on resk management by using tight stop - loss orders to cap losses quickly .
The benefits of scalping trading is quick realisation of profits , limited exposure to overnight risks , and potentially consistent income with disciplined execution .
But it has some cons like high stress and mental focus required .transaction costs can add up quickly and it is not suitable for illiquid assets .
Lastly , we can conclude that scalping trading is best suited for experienced traders who can react quickly and are adept at reading market conditions.
Arbitrage trading :-
It is not common mode of trading and under this model, trading takes place by simultaneously buying and selling the same asset in different markets to exploit price difference . The purpose of it to earn risk free profits from price disparities . This trading pattern is suitable for traders with access to advanced tools and resources .
Algorithemic Trading :-
It is based on automated trading system using pre- programmed algorithms to execute trades based on specific criteria . The purpose of algorithemic trading is to eliminate human emotions and execute high speed trades .
It is suitable for institutional traders and tech - savvy individuals .
Commodity Trading :-
As its name is showing , it is a trading in commodities like gold , silver , crude oil and agricutlural products via platforms like MCX or NCDEX .
The purpose of trading is to diversify investments and hedge against inflation. It is suitable for those traders who are interested in physical goods markets .
Forex Trading :-
Forex trading is a trading in currency pairs like USD/INR or EUR/INR and its purpose is to make profits from currency value fluctuations . It is suitable for those traders who have knowledge of global macroeconomics .
BTST and STBT Trading :-
BTST [ Buy today and sell tomorrow ] is also a trading pattern in which traders use to buy shares today and sell them the next trading day before delivery to your Demat account .
STBT [ Sell today , buy tomorrow ] is a trading model in which traders sell shares today and buying them back the next day .
The purpose of this trading is to book profit from overnight price changes . It is suitable for those short term traders only who have deep market insights .
In the end , we conclude that these types of trading cater to different risk appetites , time commitments , and skill levels . We have to select or prefer the type of trading that aligns with your financial goals and experience .
Conclusion :-
Trading in India offers vast opportunities , but success requires preparation , knowledge , and displine . By market fundamentals , choosing a reliable broker , and developing a clear strategy , you can navigate the complexities of trading effectively.
Start with small investments , learn regularly and leverage technology to make informed decisions . Most importantly , wisely manage risks and avoid trading with emotion . With patience and persistence , trading in India can be a rewarding journey toward financial growth .
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FAQs -1- What is stock trading ?
Ans :-Stock trading is nothing but only buying and selling of shares of listed companies on a stock exchange to earn profits from price movements .
Q.2:- How do I start stock trading in India ?
Ans:- For trading in stock market we have to do following steps -
[1] Open a Demat and trading account with a SEBI registered broker .
[2] Deposit sufficient or required fund into your trading account .
[3] Use the trading platform to buy and sell shares .
Q.3:- What is a Demat account ?
Ans :- A Demat account is an account which is used to hold your shares and securities in electronic form , eliminating the need for physical certificates .
Q.4:-How much money do I required to start trading ?
Ans :- There is no minimum amount required , but it is advisable to start small , depending on your financial capacity and risk tolerance .
Q.5:- What is SEBI's role in trading ?
Ans :- The Securities and Exchange Board of India [ SEBI] regulates the stock market to ensure fair practices and protect investors .
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